TEACHING
Prosocial BEHAVIOR
TO ANTISOCIAL YOUTH
a workshop developed by:
Arnold P. Goldstein, Ph.D.
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Workshops
on student aggression, assaultive and delinquent youth, and juvenile
gangs featuring Skillstreaming, Aggression Replacement Training, and
the Prepare Curriculum, three progressively, more comprehensive intervention
programs designed to enhance the Prosocial behavior of aggressive, acting-out
or delinquent adolescents and younger children. Skillstreaming is our
interpersonal skills training approach, consisting of modeling, role
play, performance feedback and transfer training. Our several evaluations
of its efficacy revealed high levels of skill acquisition but more modest
levels of skill transfer and maintenance. Adding Anger Control Training
(what not to do) to Skillstreaming (what to do) plus Moral Reasoning
Training (why to do it) yielded Aggression Replacement Training, shown
by us to result in substantially improved transfer/maintenance effects-including
major reductions in recidivism among delinquent youth on parole. Adolescent,
younger child, parent and gang-oriented versions of this intervention
each appear efficacious. Encouraged by these findings, and their positive
implications for the general strategy of training psychological competencies
via social learning methods, we have put forth a much expanded intervention,
the Prepare Curriculum, which in turn incorporates, but goes far beyond,
Aggression Replacement Training in the Prosocial contents of its constituent,
course-length components. Workshops offered present the rationale and
background underlying these companion interventions, their specific
procedures, materials, application and administrative challenges, evaluation
results, and so forth. School violence and vandalism are another major
workshop focus, including its magnitude and impact, as well as "best
practice" solutions targeted to administrators, teachers, as well as
aggressive students themselves. Juvenile gangs, both as they function
in schools and in the community, are examined in depth. Considered are
their history, current demographics, forms of aggression, recruitment,
reasons for joining, codes of behavior, membership paths and, most especially,
intervention approaches. Workshop format includes lecture, demonstration,
participation and implementation planning. Throughout these two-day
workshops, whether the topic focused upon is the Prosocial skills training
methods we have developed, school violence or juvenile gangs, major
emphasis is given to generalization techniques, that is, effective means
for increasing the likelihood that Prosocial skills learned in the training
setting (school, institution) will actually transfer to other settings
(home, street, playground, work) and endure over time.
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Day
One
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| 9:00-9:30 | Scope of Aggression in the United States |
| 9:30-10:15 | Causes of Burnout |
| 10:15-10:30 | Break |
| 10:30-11:00 | Introduction to Skillstreaming: Training Procedures and Curricula |
| 11:00-11:30 | The Skillstreaming Video |
| 11:30-12:00 | Implementation Barriers |
| 12:00-1:00 | Lunch |
| 1:00-2:00 | Skillstreaming: Guided Practice |
| 2:00-2:15 | Break |
| 2:15-3:00 | Anger Control Training |
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Day Two
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| 9:00-9:30 | Anger Control Video |
| 9:30-10:00 | Increasing generalization: Transfer & Maintenance Enhancers |
| 10:00-10:30 | Moral Reasoning Training & Video |
| 10:30-10:45 | Break |
| 10:45-11:30 | Moral Reasoning: Guided Practice |
| 11:30-12:00 | The Prepare Curriculum |
| 12:00-1:00 | Lunch |
| 1:00-3:00 | Life Space Crisis Intervention Overview |
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Arnold
P. Goldstein, Ph.D. (Clinical Psychology, Penn State, 1959), is the
developer of three increasingly comprehensive approaches to Prosocial
skills training, Skillstreaming (Goldstein, 1980), Aggression Replacement
Training (Goldstein, Glick, 1987), and The Prepare Curriculum (Goldstein,
1988). In doing so, his joint concern has been curriculum development
and evaluation, as well as devising instructional techniques for the
purpose of effective trainer training.
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![]() ARNOLD P. GOLDSTEIN, Ph.D. |
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His development, evaluation and training efforts have focused primarily on enhancing the Prosocial skills proficiency of aggressive adolescents and younger children in school, residential facility, agency and community settings. Reflecting his role as director of the Syracuse University Center for Research on Aggression, much of his research and teaching have centered on helping youngsters replace antisocial, aggressive behaviors with constructive, alternative means of seeking life satisfaction and effectiveness. As his early evaluation research increasingly indicated that many youth do learn but fail to transfer or maintain such newly learned Prosocial skills proficiency, his research came more and more to focus on the development and evaluation of diverse procedures for increasing the likelihood that such setting and temporal generalization of gain-to the school, the street, the home, the community-would in fact become more likely to occur-a major research interest of his which continues. Dr. Goldstein was professor emeritus of education and psychology at Syracuse University; ex-director of the New York State Task Force on Juvenile Gangs; member of the American Psychological Association Commission on Youth Violence; member of the Council of Representatives, International Society for Research on Aggression; associate editor of the journal Aggressive Behavior and recipient of the Award of Excellence (1990), Juvenile Justice Trainer's Association; the Blackburn Award for Significant Contributions (1991) from the National Association of Juvenile Correctional Agencies; the U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's (1994) Model Program Award for The Prosocial Gang Project; the American Psychological Association's Committee on Children, Youth, and Families' (1996) Outstanding Career Contribution Award; and the 1996 Senior Scientist Award from the School Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association. |
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| Mark Amendola, L.S.W.,B.C.D. (Social Work, Case Western Reserve University, 1989), has had extensive experience in work with adolescent disorders since 1981. Beginning on the front lines as a child care worker in a residential setting, he has moved to various positions to include day treatment, partial hospitalization, and community-based programming. |
![]() A. MARK AMENDOLA L.S.W. |
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Currently he is the Executive Director of Perseus House, a non-profit, designed to provide preventative and intervention services to children ages birth - 18. He also maintains a clinical practice that focuses on adolescent disorders and familial conflict. Mark serves in various community capacities in Pennsylvania and nationally, including board affiliation with Community House for Women, and previously with Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder (CHADD). He also possesses certification through the Pennsylvania Chemical Abuse Certification Board (PCACB), as a Certified Addictions Counselor and a Certified Clinical Supervisor, and The National Association of Forensic Counseling. Mark's work has focused on the delivery of services to troubled and troubling young people and families in an effort to improve their quality of life.
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| Robert Oliver, Ed. D. Assistant Superintendent of the School District of the City of Erie |
![]() ROBERT OLIVER, Ed. D. |
| Robert has served in varied capacities, especially those including educational, residential, and partial hospitalization services. He also was a foster parent for Erie County Office of Children and Youth for 15 years. Bob serves as a board member of the Boys & Girls Club and the Erie Earn-It Program of Juvenile Probation. He is also a member of the Children & Youth Advisory Board, Erie County. | |
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A follow-up sequence is available for those schools, school districts, agencies, and facilities that participate in the initial training workshop and wish a follow-up supervisory opportunity. This opportunity is designed to be a problem solving, troubleshooting practicum experience for those teachers, change-agents, facility staff or others, who are about to or have actually begun leading Skillstreaming, Aggression Replacement Training or Prepare Curriculum groups. Its goals are to solve group leadership problems, which have occurred or might occur; answer specific trainer questions; practice needed trainer leadership skills and, in general, assist trainers in their efforts to establish and conduct effective and well-managed trainee groups. Emphasis in this consultation is on actual or anticipated challenges, difficulties, or questions from participants. Specific matters addressed in past supervisory workshops have included such topics as: |
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obtaining administrative support physical and material arrangements selection of trainees structuring of trainees the initial session conducting trainee role playing motivating unmotivated trainees dealing with individuals and group resistance reinforcing trainee skill performance ethnic and multicultural issues facilitating support from parents and others |
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| Supervisory follow-up consultations are typically held one to two months after the initial training workshop; they may be scheduled either when the initial workshop is scheduled or subsequent to it as trainers commit themselves to training group leadership involvement. | |
| The focus of this second workshop is trainer training, i.e., essentially teaching participants how they themselves may effectively conduct the previously described workshop, Teaching Prosocial Behavior to Antisocial Youth. Its purpose is to enable the participating school, school district, agency, or institution to have the in-house capacity to disseminate expert use of the skills training methods throughout their own system as widely as they desire. This second, trainer development workshop requires five days of participation, divided into two meetings set approximately three months apart. The first segment is planned to last three days. Approximately one and one half days are devoted to a packed version of the original workshop. Its purpose is to set the stage by providing a relevant informational base. Attendees will be expected to have read the revised edition of the workshop text Aggression Replacement Training prior to this first segment. The second one and one half days of this first three-day meeting will be devoted to experiential learning of the three skills training methods. Via mock groups, role plays and simulations, beginning expertise will be developed in the skills necessary to organize and conduct effective Skillstreaming, Aggression Replacement Training and Prepare Curriculum groups. Additional special attention will be given during these applied experiences to means for dealing with trainee resistance, motivating participation among reluctant learners, as well as establishing the method securely in one's work organization. The participants in this three-day segment, who then might be considered trainers-in-training, will be expected to go forth during the ensuing three-month period and organize and conduct one, and possibly two series of Skillstreaming, etc. meetings with youths in their schools or agency. During this extended practicum first experience, trainers will be expected to keep a running log of problems, challenges, issues and innovations as they arise in their skill training sessions. Where possible, videotaping of such sessions will be encouraged. Approximately three months following the initial three-day meeting, a second meeting would be held involving the same attendees. This two-day session would be devoted in proportions as needed to (a) feedback, critique, problem-solving, role play and related constructive response to log entries and videotapes and (b) concrete instruction-both informational and experiential- in how to organize and lead the workshop on teaching Prosocial behaviors to an audience of staff in one's own institution. To aid in accomplishing this goal effectively, each trainer will need to be provided with a complete set of workshop overheads and my newly completed book, The Workshop: An Irreverent Guide. Having by then run youth skills training groups themselves, gotten feedback on this experience, and practiced teaching the method to others, it is expected that attendees can master this trainer training challenge to high levels of proficiency in their own schools, agencies or districts. |
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